As a travel enthusiast, you might think that national parks in Europe only mean mountains, forests, and wildlife. But there’s so much more to explore beyond the well-known destinations like Switzerland and Norway. From stunning coastlines to pristine lakes, these hidden gems are waiting to be discovered.
What Makes a National Park Special?
National parks in Europe offer unique landscapes, diverse wildlife, and rich cultural heritage. They provide an opportunity to disconnect from urban life and reconnect with nature. With over 60 national parks across the continent, there’s something for everyone: outdoor enthusiasts, history buffs, and families alike.
Ranking the Best National Parks in Europe
We’ve compiled a list of the top 20 national parks in Europe, ranked according to their natural beauty, diversity, and accessibility. From the snow-capped peaks of the Alps to the lush forests of Eastern Europe, these parks are a must-visit for any nature lover.
1. Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy
Established in 1922, this park is not only the oldest Italian national park but also one of the most biodiverse. Home to the iconic marmot and over 100 species of plants, it’s a haven for hikers and wildlife enthusiasts alike.
2. Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany
Located near the Czech border, this park is a treasure trove of red pine trees, firs, and white firs. With its unique peatlands and lakes, it’s an ideal destination for nature lovers and photographers.
3. Stelvio National Park, Italy
Established in 1935, this park is known for its stunning mountain landscapes and picturesque valleys. Home to camosci, deer, rabbits, and owls, it’s a haven for wildlife enthusiasts and hikers.
4. Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland
As the largest glacier in Europe, this park is a must-visit for any nature enthusiast. With its stunning waterfalls, canyons, and volcanic landscapes, it’s an unforgettable experience.
5. Alonnisos Marine National Park, Greece
Located in the Aegean Sea, this park is the largest marine protected area in Europe. Home to six smaller islands, a peaceful coastal area, and 22 uninhabited rocky outcrops, it’s a snorkeler’s and diver’s paradise.
6. Cinque Terre National Park, Italy
Established in 1999, this park is not only known for its stunning coastline but also its picturesque towns like Riomaggiore and Monterosso. With over 100 km of hiking trails, it’s an ideal destination for outdoor enthusiasts.
7. Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, Scotland
Located in the heart of Scotland, this park is one of the most beautiful in the UK. Home to crystal-clear lakes, magnificent hills, and wild landscapes, it’s a haven for nature lovers and photographers.
8. Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia
Established in 1949, this park is not only a UNESCO World Heritage Site but also one of the most stunning natural wonders in Europe. With its 16 interconnected lakes and waterfalls, it’s an unforgettable experience.
9. Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, Spain
Located in the central Pyrenees, this park is famous for its glacial valleys that are up to 3 km deep. Home to over 170 species of birds and numerous hiking trails, it’s a haven for outdoor enthusiasts.
10. Val Grande National Park, Piedmont
Established in 1992, this protected area is home to a single inhabited settlement: Cicogna, with about 15 residents. With its predominantly mountainous terrain and scenic rivers, it’s an ideal destination for nature lovers and hikers.
11. Rago National Park, Norway
Located in Nordland, this park offers a truly spectacular landscape with rock formations, boulders, and mountains protruding from the waters. One of its highlights is the Litlverivassforsen waterfall.
12. Kalkalpen National Park, Austria
Established in 2004, this national park is home to numerous glaciers, valleys, and rivers that are not easily accessible. With its predominantly forest terrain and unique species of owls and rabbits, it’s an ideal destination for nature enthusiasts and hikers.
13. Sarek National Park, Sweden
Located in Swedish Lapland, this protected area recognizes the European level for its biodiversity. Home to numerous glaciers, valleys, and rivers that are difficult to access, it’s a haven for outdoor enthusiasts and wildlife enthusiasts alike.
14. Saxon Switzerland National Park, Germany
Established in 1990, this park is dominated by over 700 peaks, making it a favorite destination for many alpine enthusiasts. With its hundreds of km of marked trails, including the Malerweg trail, it’s an ideal destination for hikers and nature lovers.
15. Peneda-Gerês National Park, Portugal
Located in Alto Minho – Trás-os-Montes, this park is home to many wild animals: deer, rabbits, horses, badgers, wolves, reptiles, and pheasants. Visitors can also ride one of the domesticated wild horses.
16. Oulanka National Park, Finland
Established in 1956, this park is famous for its spectacular scenery any time of the year. With its Karhunkierros trail, which runs through forests, rivers, and bridges, it’s an ideal destination for outdoor enthusiasts and hikers.
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17. Triglav National Park, Slovenia
Located in the provinces of Gorizia and Upper Carniola, this park is named after the highest mountain in Slovenia, Triglav. With its rich flora and fauna, including rivers, caves, and limestone rock formations, it’s a haven for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.
18. Port-Cros National Park, France
Established in 1976, this park manages cultural and natural heritage in various areas: Porquerroles, peninsula of Giens, island of Port-Cros, old salt pans of Hyères, and Cap Lardier. With its wild flora and endangered species, it’s a haven for nature lovers and birdwatchers.
19. National Park of Stelvio, Italy
Established in 1935, this national park is located between 650 and 3,900 meters above sea level. Home to camosci, deer, rabbits, stambecchi, imperial eagles, pines, firs, and owls, it’s an ideal destination for wildlife enthusiasts and hikers.
20. Elbe Sandstone National Park, Germany
Located in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, this park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993. Home to over 1,700 species of plants and numerous caves and rock formations, it’s a haven for nature lovers and photographers.
Conclusion
Europe’s national parks offer a wealth of natural beauty, cultural heritage, and outdoor activities. Whether you’re a seasoned hiker or just starting to explore the great outdoors, these hidden gems are waiting to be discovered.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- What is the most biodiverse national park in Europe?
The Gran Paradiso National Park in Italy is home to over 100 species of plants and numerous wildlife species, including the iconic marmot.
- Which national park has the largest marine protected area?
Alonnisos Marine National Park in Greece is the largest marine protected area in Europe, covering an area of approximately 22 km².
- What is the most scenic national park in Scotland?
Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park is one of the most beautiful national parks in Scotland, featuring crystal-clear lakes, magnificent hills, and wild landscapes.
- Which national park has the highest mountain above sea level?
Gran Paradiso National Park in Italy features mountains that reach up to 4,000 meters above sea level.
- What is the oldest Italian national park?
The Gran Paradiso National Park was established on December 3, 1922, making it one of the oldest national parks in Europe.
- Which national park has the largest glacier in Europe?
Vatnajökull National Park in Iceland features the largest glacier in Europe, covering an area of approximately 13,920 km².
- Can I visit all of these national parks on my own?
While it’s possible to visit some national parks independently, others may require guided tours or have specific regulations that need to be followed.
- Are there any national parks in Eastern Europe?
Yes, several national parks are located in Eastern Europe, including the Sarek National Park in Sweden and the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany.
- What is the best time to visit the national parks?
The best time to visit the national parks depends on the specific park and its location. Generally, spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) are considered the best times to visit, as the weather is mild and the crowds are smaller.
- How can I get around the national parks?
Most national parks have well-marked trails and roads that allow for easy access. However, some parks may require guided tours or hiking permits, so it’s essential to check with park authorities before visiting.
- What is the best way to prepare for a hike in the national parks?
To ensure a safe and enjoyable hike, it’s essential to bring necessary gear, such as sturdy shoes, waterproof clothing, and plenty of water and snacks. It’s also recommended to research the trail conditions, difficulty level, and any specific regulations before embarking on your hike.
- Can I camp in the national parks?
Yes, many national parks allow camping, but it’s essential to check with park authorities beforehand to confirm availability and any specific regulations or permits required.
- Are there any national parks that offer luxury accommodations?
Yes, some national parks offer luxury accommodations, such as hotels, lodges, and cabins. These can be a great option for those who want to indulge in comfort and amenities while still experiencing the beauty of nature.
- Can I bring my pet into the national parks?
The rules regarding pets in national parks vary depending on the specific park and its location. It’s essential to check with park authorities beforehand to confirm any pet restrictions or requirements.
- Are there any national parks that offer guided tours?
Yes, many national parks offer guided tours led by experienced guides who can provide insights into the park’s history, geology, and wildlife. These tours can be a great way to enhance your experience and learn more about the park’s unique features.
By answering these questions, you’ll be better equipped to plan an unforgettable adventure in Europe’s national parks. Happy travels!
